Despite the high number of passengers using metropolitan public transport systems, the limited growth rates of travel demand have not been enough to reduce the use of private vehicles in the main points of access to the city, which continue to show unsustainable patterns with an excessive presence of private vehicles.

With economic activity halfway through, months of the pandemic caused us to forget day-to-day congestion. But with the gradual recovery of metropolitan activity and mobility and the impact of lifting highway tolls and mobility policies that reduced road capacity within the city, road congestion is back, with the consequent aggravation of air pollution levels.

This paper deals with the analysis of the consequences and risks that the Maritime EU ETS proposal would entail at an environmental, economic, and operational level in European ports. First, the analysis is focused on European ports neighbouring non-EU regions with a significant border component, as different rules prevail. And second, it also focuses on the consequences of a possible relocation of port activities on restructuring transport and supply chains in the EU.

The objective of this article is to analyze the evolution of logistics in three different contexts: past, present and future. By looking at where the concept of logistics began and the point it has now reached, we can understand and better anticipate the trends and logistical challenges of the future. We live in an era where digitalization is increasing rapidly, which enables us to obtain more data, more transparency, a greater capacity for anticipating change and a greater automatization of processes. In addition, the health crisis of COVID-19 has only accelerated the use of electronic devices and online tools, as shown by the increasing figures in e-commerce over the last two years. However, the pandemic has also shone a spotlight on the need to rethink the current logistical model. Aspects such as globalization, sustainability, resilience or security throughout the supply chain are in question. In this changing context, the skills and competencies of logistics professionals will undoubtedly decide future success.

In 2015, the UN General Assembly approved the 2030 Agenda. There was an agreement on 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the purpose of which was to reverse development patterns around the planet. Cities, as population agglomerations and production centres, are directly challenged actors. The growth patterns followed in recent years show a clear explosion of the urban fabric, and an unprecedented land occupancy. So much so that certain degraded urban sectors are being abandoned to the detriment of new construction sectors located in the urban periphery. The connotations of this phenomenon are multiple, but it is important to focus on the unsustainability of an urban growth model based on urban development, land occupancy and transport infrastructures that have not been planned in coordination with these urban projects. Based on the foregoing, this article reflects on the externalities of this phenomenon, and raises some reflections to help transition towards a more sustainable city model.

The sector of urban passenger transport with tourism vehicles (taxis and vehicles for hire) is, surely, the one where the appearance of the sharing economy –or, we can choose to say, the digital platforms– has given rise to more heated controversies, more questionable regulatory measures and a greater number of disputes. In the work presented herein, a brief review is set out of the latest regulatory issues which have been outlined here, highlighting those which are still awaiting resolution, in a sense which is seemingly not easy to perceive.

The Mediterranean Corridor is a double high-speed railway that will run from the French border to Algeciras, joining cities as important as Barcelona, Valencia, Alicante, Murcia and Malaga, and connecting them in turn with the rest of Europe. However, it is necessary to develop gauge change technologies for railway platforms, since, in Europe, there are several track gauges that hinder the transit of goods by rail.

Logistics 4.0 modifies business operations and business processes to incorporate new tools and digital uses. It is a complete and integral transformation process, based on the digitization of information throughout the whole process, from the initial phases right through to the arrival of the end product to the customer, as well as integrating reverse logistics.

The convergence of variable-width axes rail technology for freight transport with Logistics 4.0 in SCM (Supply Chain Management) processes will allow increasing productivity and business competitiveness at an international level.